External vs. internal skin ageing – what’s the difference?

Skin health is a complex topic. It's influenced by a myriad of factors, both internal and external. Some scientists believe only 3% of the skin-ageing processes are caused by external factors. Understanding these factors is key to maintaining long-term skin health. It's also crucial for making informed decisions about skincare and lifestyle choices.

One of the most significant aspects of skin health is ageing. Ageing is a natural process, but did you know it can be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors? Intrinsic ageing refers to the natural ageing process. It's largely determined by our genetics and internal health. On the other hand, extrinsic ageing is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. These include sun exposure, pollution, diet, and stress, among others.

In this article, we'll delve into the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic ageing. We'll explore the science behind skin health factors and provide actionable advice on how to protect your skin.
Our goal is to empower you with knowledge. So you can make skincare choices that align with your values, lifestyle, and long-term skin health goals.

Skin ageing is a multifaceted process. It involves both biological and environmental aspects. By understanding these, we can better manage how our skin ages. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are the two main contributors to skin ageing. While intrinsic factors include genetic predispositions, extrinsic ones involve influences like sun exposure and pollution. Intrinsic ageing is inevitable. It's genetically programmed and happens as we grow older. In contrast, extrinsic ageing can often be managed or minimized with proper care and choices.

Intrinsic ageing is a part of life's natural progression. It’s coded into our DNA and influenced by our genetics. With age, our skin naturally becomes thinner and loses elasticity. This type of ageing is gradual. It often begins in our mid-twenties, though it may not become noticeable until later. Over time, collagen production decreases, and the skin's ability to repair itself slows. Several biological processes influence intrinsic ageing. The decrease in hormone levels, such as estrogen, significantly impacts skin texture and moisture. This hormone change often leads to drier skin and more fine lines.

The main causes of intrinsic ageing are:

1. Skin type or ethnicity

2. Anatomical variations (i.e. certain parts of the body age faster than others)

3. Hormones

4. Age

Here are some key features of intrinsic ageing:

• Reduction in collagen production: Leads to wrinkles and loss of firmness.

• Thinning of the skin: Makes skin more delicate and prone to injury.

• Decrease in fat below the skin: Results in a loss of plumpness and support.

Extrinsic ageing is influenced by external elements. Unlike intrinsic ageing, it can be significantly managed through lifestyle changes. This type of ageing is largely within our control.

Factors having influence on external ageing:

• The Sun

• Diet

• Addictive habits such as smoking and drinking

• Lack of sleep/rest

• Repetitive facial expressions

• Pollution

• Skincare

The environment plays a huge role in extrinsic ageing. Factors such as sun exposure and pollution accelerate visible signs of ageing, including wrinkles and uneven pigmentation. Sun damage is the number one cause of extrinsic ageing. UV rays penetrate the skin, causing cellular damage. This exposure leads to premature ageing, commonly seen as sunspots or deep wrinkles.

Lifestyle choices also significantly impact extrinsic ageing. Habits such as smoking or drinking excessive alcohol can lead to oxidative stress. This stress harms skin cells and speeds up ageing. Pollution is another culprit of extrinsic ageing. It exposes the skin to free radicals, which break down collagen and elastin. Using antioxidants in skincare can help neutralize this damage. Extrinsic ageing is all about choices. By adopting protective measures and a mindful lifestyle, you can greatly influence the impact of extrinsic ageing factors on your skin.

Understanding skin health requires a look into both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Science sheds light on these influences, helping us manage skin ageing more effectively. One core component is genetics. Our genes set the baseline for how our skin naturally ages. They dictate everything from collagen production to pigmentation levels. External factors further shape skin health. Environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV exposure, significantly accelerate ageing. The damage they cause affects the skin's structure and appearance. Lifestyle choices interact with these intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Habits like diet and stress management can either support or hinder skin health. A scientific approach considers all these elements for a comprehensive understanding.

Genetics are foundational in skin ageing. They determine the skin's resilience and ability to self-repair. Variations in genes can affect how quickly signs of ageing appear. Certain genetic factors include collagen levels and skin type. Genetics influence the strength and elasticity of the skin, playing a vital role in how wrinkles develop over time. Although we can't change our genes, we can support our skin’s needs. Tailoring skincare to align with genetic tendencies can optimize skin health. Choosing products that boost collagen or provide added hydration can counteract intrinsic ageing signs.

The sun is a powerful external skin factor. UV rays are key contributors to extrinsic ageing. They lead to DNA damage, resulting in premature wrinkles and sunspots. Pollution introduces free radicals into the skin. These unstable molecules break down collagen, weakening the skin’s barrier. Long-term exposure to pollution can leave the skin looking dull and tired.

Other factors include lifestyle habits, like smoking and alcohol consumption. These habits compromise skin health by introducing toxins and reducing blood flow. Understanding and mitigating these external factors can maintain the youthful appearance of skin. Embracing protective measures, such as daily sunscreen and antioxidant-rich skincare, can shield the skin from harmful external influences. These habits help preserve skin’s integrity and delay extrinsic ageing.

Protecting your skin involves understanding both its needs and the challenges it faces. Implementing effective strategies can enhance skin health and longevity.

• Sun Protection

Sun exposure accelerates skin ageing. Daily use of sunscreen shields the skin from harmful UV rays, which can lead to wrinkles and discoloration.

• Nutrition

A balanced diet feeds your skin vital nutrients. Foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals support skin repair and rejuvenation from the inside out.

• Skincare Products

Choosing the right ingredients is crucial. Look for products with proven actives like retinoids, peptides, and hyaluronic acid to address specific skin concerns.

• Lifestyle Choices

Exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management play a role in maintaining skin health. These habits influence how well the skin regenerates and retains its youthful appearance.

• Hydration

Water is essential for keeping the skin supple and plump. Proper hydration helps maintain the skin's barrier, preventing dryness and irritation.

Sun protection is vital for maintaining skin health. UV rays cause up to 90% of visible ageing signs, including wrinkles and spots. Regular use of sunscreen is a simple yet powerful tool. Choose a broad-spectrum SPF of at least 30, and apply it daily, regardless of weather. Reapply every two hours if you're outdoors. Hats, sunglasses, and clothing offer extra protection. By blocking UV exposure, you defend your skin against premature ageing and skin cancer.

Nutrition profoundly impacts your skin's appearance. Vitamins and antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables fight free radicals that cause ageing. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, support skin's moisture barrier. This keeps it hydrated and reduces inflammation. A diet high in sugar and processed foods can lead to dull skin and breakouts. Instead, focus on whole foods and balanced meals to nourish from within.

Selecting the right skincare products is crucial for skin health. Ingredients like retinoids and peptides promote cell turnover and collagen production. Hyaluronic acid is a powerful hydrator, drawing moisture into the skin. It keeps the skin plump and reduces fine lines. Antioxidants like vitamin C brighten skin and defend against free radical damage. Prioritizing quality ingredients ensures your skin receives the best care possible.

Lifestyle choices deeply affect skin health. Exercise increases blood flow, delivering essential nutrients to skin cells and aiding detoxification. Adequate sleep is essential for skin repair. During rest, the body heals and regenerates, which is critical for maintaining youthful skin. Stress management is equally important. Chronic stress can lead to inflammation and breakouts. Practices like meditation and yoga can help manage stress levels

Hydration is key to healthy skin. Water supports essential functions like toxin removal and cell hydration. Drinking enough water each day keeps the skin's surface soft and pliable. It minimizes the risk of dryness and irritation. Include water-rich foods like cucumbers and watermelon in your diet. These foods provide additional hydration and are packed with nutrients.

Achieving optimal skin health requires a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It's essential to recognize and address both the natural ageing process and environmental influences. By understanding these aspects, you can create a tailored skincare routine that enhances skin vitality. Embrace a holistic lifestyle that promotes overall well-being and skin resilience. Combine effective skincare products with healthy living habits to support this journey. With informed choices, you can age gracefully while maintaining radiant and healthy skin. Embrace this balance, and your skin will thank you for years to come.